Dr. Yoram Rudy was awarded a $1,520,000 four year grant (years 21-24 of the award) from the NIH – National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute for the project titled “Cardiac Excitation and Arrhythmias.” The overall objective of this research is to provide mechanistic understanding of the relationships between the dynamic molecular structure of cardiac ion-channel proteins during their gating process and their function as charge carriers during the whole-cell action potential (AP).